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Butanone

Butanone, chemical name 2-Butanone, commonly known as Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK), has the molecular formula C₄H₈O. It is a polar organic solvent of the ketone family, serving as a highly important industrial polar solvent and also used as an intermediate in organic synthesis.

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Physical Properties

1. Appearance and Odor: Colorless transparent liquid at room temperature with a characteristic pungent sweet odor (similar to acetone but stronger).
2. Melting Point / Boiling Point / Flash Point: Melting point -85.9℃, boiling point 79.6℃, flash point approx. -9℃ (closed cup). It is a low-boiling solvent with fast volatilization.
3. Density and Vapor: Relative density (water=1) approx. 0.805 (lighter than water); vapor density (air=1) approx. 2.42 (heavier than air, easy to accumulate at low-lying areas).
4. Solubility: Soluble in water (approx. 27.5g/100ml at 20℃), and infinitely miscible with most organic solvents.
5. Critical Parameters: Critical temperature 262.5℃, critical pressure 4.15 MPa.
6. Explosion Limits: Lower limit 1.7%, upper limit 11.4% (volume fraction). Explosion may readily occur upon contact with open flame within this range.
7. UN Number: UN1193, CAS No.:78-93-3, Hazard Class: Class 3 Flammable Liquid, Packing Group: PG II, IMDG EmS: F-E, S-D.

Safety Characteristics in Use

1. Strong Solubility: It is a polar aprotic solvent, miscible in any proportion with water, alcohols, ethers, esters, benzene and most other organic solvents. It can dissolve many polymer materials such as nitrocellulose, acrylic resins, vinyl resins, alkyd resins, neoprene and nitrile rubber, with stronger dissolving power than most ester solvents.

2. Moderate Volatilization Rate: It evaporates faster than ethyl acetate and slower than acetone. It enables fast film formation and drying, suitable for fast-drying coatings and inks. It can undergo oxidation and condensation to synthesize a variety of fine chemical products.

3. Low Viscosity: The prepared resin solution features low viscosity, which facilitates spraying and coating with good leveling performance. The paint film is bright and smooth with low residue; it volatilizes completely and leaves almost no solvent residue after drying.

4. Chemical Stability: It is stable at room temperature. Condensation and oxidation reactions may occur when exposed to strong oxidants, strong acids and strong bases. The carbonyl group has reactivity for addition and condensation reactions, so it can be used as a synthetic raw material.

5. Safety Hazard Properties: Highly flammable; its vapor is heavier than air and tends to accumulate in low-lying areas, which may form explosive gas mixtures. It irritates eyes, respiratory tract and skin, and high concentrations have anesthetic effects.

Applications

1. Coatings and Paint Industry (Largest Application): Used as the main solvent / thinner in nitrocellulose paint, acrylic paint, polyurethane paint, wood paint, automotive paint, plastic paint and epoxy resin, for industrial topcoats and anti-corrosion coatings. It improves leveling and gloss, enhances resin dissolution and fast film-forming performance, and is also applied in paint remover formulations. Especially in marine anti-corrosion coatings and automotive topcoats, it can effectively prevent coating blushing and pinholes.

2. Inks and Adhesives: Printing inks, magnetic tape coating inks; neoprene adhesives, nitrile rubber adhesives, PU shoe adhesives, artificial leather adhesives and electronic binding tapes. It dissolves rubber and resin, adjusts the viscosity of adhesive liquid to achieve fast curing and bonding. With rapid volatilization, it is suitable for high-speed production lines and widely used in plastic film printing.

3. Petroleum Refining: Butanone is mixed with toluene (ketone-benzene dewaxing). Paraffin wax is separated by low-temperature crystallization. Butanone is irreplaceable in this process (toluene provides low-temperature condition while butanone offers dissolution selectivity), applied in oil product refining and extractive distillation.

4. Chemical Synthetic Intermediates: Used to prepare raw materials such as methyl ethyl ketone peroxide curing agent, methyl ethyl ketoxime anti-skinning agent, flavors, pharmaceuticals, dyes, antioxidants, polymerization catalysts and metal corrosion inhibitors. It is also used for the production of methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), butanone peroxide (curing agent), pharmaceutical and pesticide intermediates.

5. Electronics Industry: Cleaner for circuit boards and precision components to remove rosin solder residues; developer and cleaning solvent for photolithography processes; degreasing and cleaning of semiconductor parts.

6. Other Fields:

- Extraction: Extraction and purification of vegetable oils and natural products;

- Cleaning solvent for precision instruments and electronic components;

- Laboratory: Chromatographic standard reagents and analytical solvents;

- Textile and Paper Industry: Coating solvent;

- Partial nail polish and cosmetic solvents (used in compound formulations).

Storage and Transportation

Storage Conditions:

Must be stored in a cool, well-ventilated dedicated warehouse (recommended temperature not exceeding 30℃), away from fire and heat sources. Packages shall be kept sealed. Storage together with oxidants, acids and alkalis is prohibited. The warehouse shall be equipped with explosion-proof lighting and ventilation equipment, and be stocked with sand or alcohol-resistant foam for emergency leakage treatment.

Transportation Requirements:

Transport vehicles must carry hazard warning signs and be fitted with flame arrestors on exhaust pipes. Explosion-proof tools shall be used during loading and unloading; throwing is strictly forbidden. Transportation in summer is recommended for morning and evening hours to avoid sun exposure. Transport containers (such as tank trucks) shall be grounded to eliminate static electricity.

Packaging Specifications:

200L galvanized iron drums (net weight approx. 160kg) or special stainless steel tank trucks are commonly used. Labels for flammable liquid and irritant hazards shall be affixed on packages.

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